Substance abusers have certain common characteristics that may influence initiation or maintenance patterns of abuse and dependence. These characteristics include excessive or compulsive use, impulsive behaviors, and low frustration tolerance. Feelings of depression and helplessness are common, along with low self-esteem. Rationalization, denial, projection, and manipulation are frequently found. Family dysfunction and lack of social support are also common.

    Thebaine is a major alkaloid of another variety of poppy and is converted to codeine, hydrocodone, oxycodone, oxymorphone, nalbuphine, naloxone, and Bentley compounds. Semisynthetic narcotics include heroin, hydromorphone (Dilaudid), and oxycodone. Synthetic narcotics include meperidine (Demerol), methadone, and propoxyphene (Darvon). Narcotic antagonists include naloxone (Narcan) and Nalorphine (Nalline). 

    Individuals who abuse drugs are most frequently identified in medical settings. People who combine alcohol with other drugs are often middle class, females, and individuals with chronic pain who are frequently taking more than on e prescription drug.